Introduction: Accessing Public Information Starts With a Simple FOI Request
The Freedom of Information Act (FOI Act) gives every Nigerian the legal right to request information from public institutions. Whether you’re seeking details about government contracts, budgets, policies, or project progress — it all starts with a well-written FOI request. See What Can You Request with the Freedom of Information Act in Nigeria?
Submitting an FOI request isn’t complicated, but following a structured approach helps you get clear and timely responses. This guide walks you through each step of the process.
Step 1: Identify the Public Institution Holding the Information
Before drafting your request, make sure you know exactly which government body or public institution holds the information you need.
For example:
- If you want details about a road project, contact the Ministry of Works.
- If you need information on education budgets, approach the Ministry of Education.
The clearer your target, the faster and more accurate the response.
Step 2: Write a Clear and Specific FOI Request Letter
Your request should be written formally but clearly. You don’t need to use complex legal language — simplicity is more effective.
Your FOI request letter should include:
- The title: “Freedom of Information Act Request”
- Your full name and contact information
- The date of submission
- The exact information you are requesting
- Any relevant time frame (for example, “budget records for 2023”)
- A polite closing statement requesting a response within the 7-day timeframe allowed by law
Step 4: Wait for the Response
Under the FOI Act, the public institution must respond within 7 working days. The response can be:
- A complete release of the requested information
- A partial release, with reasons for any withheld parts
- A formal denial, which must explain why the request was rejected under the law
If the agency needs more time due to the complexity of your request, they must inform you in writing, giving valid reasons for the delay.
Step 5: Appeal If Your Request Is Denied
If your request is denied or ignored, you have the right to:
- Request an internal review from the agency
- Take legal action in court to enforce your right to information
Under Nigerian law, the burden of proof rests on the institution to show why information cannot be released.
Conclusion: Exercising Your Right Starts With Asking
The FOI Act gives every Nigerian citizen a powerful voice in holding public bodies accountable. Learning how to draft and submit an FOI request is the first step toward active citizenship and transparent governance.
Whether you are a journalist, a student, a business owner, or just a concerned citizen — information is your right, and the FOI Act ensures you can ask for it.
