One of the most powerful features of the Freedom of Information Act (FOI Act) is its simplicity: it doesn’t matter who you are — if you want access to public information, you are legally allowed to ask for it.
In Nigeria, the FOI Act puts the power of information directly into the hands of everyday citizens. Whether you’re a journalist chasing a story, a student writing a thesis, or a business checking on a government contract — the Act is for you. See Why the Freedom of Information Act Matters for Democracy in Nigeria
Who Has the Right to Make an FOI Request?
The short answer: Every Nigerian citizen has the right to access public records. The FOI Act does not discriminate based on profession, background, or intent.
Here’s a breakdown of who can use the FOI Act:
Ordinary Citizens
You don’t have to be a lawyer, journalist, or activist to use the FOI Act. Any citizen who wants to understand how public funds are spent, how decisions are made, or why a policy exists can submit a request.
Example:
A concerned parent can request information on how government funding for local schools is allocated.
Journalists & Media Houses
Journalists were among the earliest champions of the FOI Act. Investigative reporters often use the law to:
- Request public spending records,
- Review government contracts,
- Fact-check political claims, and
- Uncover hidden corruption.
Access to verified information leads to better journalism — and a better-informed public.
Businesses and Corporate Entities
Companies can use the FOI Act to:
- Verify the terms of public contracts,
- Assess regulatory compliance,
- Research business opportunities involving public agencies, and
- Clarify tax and licensing information.
This promotes fair competition and prevents favoritism in public procurement.
Civil Society & Advocacy Groups
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy groups frequently rely on the FOI Act to hold public officers accountable and push for reforms.
Whether it’s human rights monitoring, election transparency, or anti-corruption activism, access to verified public records is the backbone of their advocacy work.
Do You Need a Reason to Request Information?
No.
Under the FOI Act, you are not required to provide a reason for your information request.
The law recognizes that your right to know is a stand-alone right — not something you have to justify.
How Do You Submit an FOI Request?
Using the FOI Act is simple:
- Write a formal letter (email or paper) specifying the information you want.
- Send it to the relevant government agency.
- Wait for a response within 7 working days (extensions only apply if valid reasons are given).
If your request is ignored or denied, you have the right to challenge it in court.
Conclusion: Knowledge is Power
The Freedom of Information Act is one of Nigeria’s strongest tools for citizen empowerment. It opens the door for transparency, accountability, and active civic engagement.
No matter who you are, if you want to understand how public resources are managed, you have the legal right to ask. Use it.